python提取网页文章html正文的API和开源算法

开源项目：

1.arex

https://github.com/ahkimkoo/arex

2.html2Article

http://www.cnblogs.com/jasondan/p/3497757.html

主要python包：

requests；

xml；

jparser；

url2io。

其中jparser、url2io都用于网页文本正文提取，url2io准确率高，但不稳定，解析错误时则调用jparser。通过两者结合使用来提高正文提取的效果。

jparser

安装：

pip install jparser

使用：

参考官网：https://pypi.org/project/jparser/0.0.10/

url2io

下载安装，即下载url2io.py文件。

可以到这个github项目上下载：https://github.com/Neo-Luo/scrapy_baidu

github主页下载最新版：https://github.com/url2io/url2io-python-sdk/

官网注册

获取token：http://url2io.applinzi.com/

使用：https://github.com/url2io/url2io-python-sdk/

url2io python3

#coding: utf-8
#
# This program is free software. It comes without any warranty, to
# the extent permitted by applicable law. You can redistribute it
# and/or modify it under the terms of the Do What The Fuck You Want
# To Public License, Version 2, as published by Sam Hocevar. See
# http://sam.zoy.org/wtfpl/COPYING (copied as below) for more details.
#
#                DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE 
#                        Version 2, December 2004 
#
#     Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar <sam@hocevar.net> 
#
#     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified 
#     copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long 
#     as the name is changed. 
#
#                DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE 
#       TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 
#
#      0. You just DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO. 

"""a simple url2io sdk
example:
api = API(token)
api.article(url='http://www.url2io.com/products', fields=['next', 'text'])
"""

__all__ = ['APIerror', 'API']


DEBUG_LEVEL = 1

import sys
import socket
import json
import urllib,urllib.request,urllib.error,urllib.parse
from urllib.request import urlopen
import time
from collections import Iterable

class APIError(Exception):
    code = None
    """HTTP status code"""

    url = None
    """request URL"""

    body = None
    """server response body; or detailed error information"""

    def __init__(self, code, url, body):
        self.code = code
        self.url = url
        self.body = body

    def __str__(self):
        return 'code={s.code}\nurl={s.url}\n{s.body}'.format(s = self)

    __repr__ = __str__


class API(object):
    token = None
    server = 'http://api.url2io.com/'

    decode_result = True
    timeout = None
    max_retries = None
    retry_delay = None

    def __init__(self, token, srv = None,
                 decode_result = True, timeout = 30, max_retries = 5,
                 retry_delay = 3):
        """:param srv: The API server address
        :param decode_result: whether to json_decode the result
        :param timeout: HTTP request timeout in seconds
        :param max_retries: maximal number of retries after catching URL error
            or socket error
        :param retry_delay: time to sleep before retrying"""
        self.token = token
        if srv:
            self.server = srv
        self.decode_result = decode_result
        assert timeout >= 0 or timeout is None
        assert max_retries >= 0
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.max_retries = max_retries
        self.retry_delay = retry_delay

        _setup_apiobj(self, self, [])

    def update_request(self, request):
        """overwrite this function to update the request before sending it to
        server"""
        pass


def _setup_apiobj(self, apiobj, path):
    if self is not apiobj:
        self._api = apiobj
        self._urlbase = apiobj.server + '/'.join(path)

    lvl = len(path)
    done = set()
    for i in _APIS:
        if len(i) <= lvl:
            continue
        cur = i[lvl]
        if i[:lvl] == path and cur not in done:
            done.add(cur)
            setattr(self, cur, _APIProxy(apiobj, i[:lvl + 1]))


class _APIProxy(object):
    _api = None

    _urlbase = None

    def __init__(self, apiobj, path):
        _setup_apiobj(self, apiobj, path)

    def __call__(self, post = False, *args, **kwargs):
        # /article
        # url = 'http://xxxx.xxx',
        # fields = ['next',],
        #
        if len(args):
            raise TypeError('only keyword arguments are allowed')
        if type(post) is not bool:
            raise TypeError('post argument can only be True or False')

        url = self.geturl(**kwargs)

        request = urllib.request.Request(url)

        self._api.update_request(request)

        retry = self._api.max_retries
        while True:
            retry -= 1
            try:
                ret = urlopen(request, timeout = self._api.timeout).read()
                break
            except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
                raise APIError(e.code, url, e.read())
            except (socket.error, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
                if retry < 0:
                    raise e
                _print_debug('caught error: {}; retrying'.format(e))
                time.sleep(self._api.retry_delay)

        if self._api.decode_result:
            try:
                ret = json.loads(ret)
            except:
                raise APIError(-1, url, 'json decode error, value={0!r}'.format(ret))
        return ret

    def _mkarg(self, kargs):
        """change the argument list (encode value, add api key/secret)
        :return: the new argument list"""
        def enc(x):
            #if isinstance(x, unicode):
            #    return x.encode('utf-8')
            #return str(x)
            return x.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(x, str) else str(x)

        kargs = kargs.copy()
        kargs['token'] = self._api.token
        for (k, v) in kargs.items():
            if isinstance(v, Iterable) and not isinstance(v, str):
                # kargs[k] = ','.join([enc(i) for i in v])
                kargs[k] = ','.join([str(i) for i in v])
            else:
                kargs[k] = enc(v)

        return kargs

    def geturl(self, **kargs):
        """return the request url"""
        return self._urlbase + '?' + urllib.parse.urlencode(self._mkarg(kargs))


def _print_debug(msg):
    if DEBUG_LEVEL:
        sys.stderr.write(str(msg) + '\n')

_APIS = [
    '/article',
    #'/images',
]

_APIS = [i.split('/')[1:] for i in _APIS]

主要代码：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import url2io,requests,time
from jparser import PageModel
from newspaper import Article


headers = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
}

def get_url2io(url):
    try:
        ret = api.article(url=url, fields=['text', 'next'])
        content=ret['text'].replace('\r', '').replace('\n', '')
        return content
    except Exception as e:
        # import traceback
        # ex_msg = '{exception}'.format(exception=traceback.format_exc())
        # print(ex_msg, e)
        return ''

def get_jparser(url):
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        en_code = response.encoding
        de_code = response.apparent_encoding
        # print(en_code,de_code,'-----------------')
        if de_code == None:
            if en_code in ['utf-8', 'UTF-8']:  # en_code=utf-8时，de_code=utf-8,可以获取到内容
                de_code = 'utf-8'
        elif de_code in ['ISO-8859-1', 'ISO-8859-2', 'Windows-1254', 'UTF-8-SIG']:
            de_code = 'utf-8'
        html = response.text.encode(en_code, errors='ignore').decode(de_code, errors='ignore')
        pm = PageModel(html)
        result = pm.extract()
        ans = [x['data'] for x in result['content'] if x['type'] == 'text']
        content=''.join(ans)
        return content
    except Exception as e:
        # import traceback
        # ex_msg = '{exception}'.format(exception=traceback.format_exc())
        # print(ex_msg, e)
        return ''


if __name__=='__main__':
    token = '111111111'  # 请到url2io官网注册获取token
    api = url2io.API(token)
    url = 'https://36kr.com/p/5245238'
    url = 'http://sc.stock.cnfol.com/ggzixun/20190909/27678429.shtml'
    url='https://news.pedaily.cn/201908/445881.shtml'
    # content=get_url2io(url)
    content = get_jparser(url)
    print(content)

Python Goose的使用：

代码比较方便，但是有些网址没有解析出来。

示例代码如下所示：

from goose import Goose
from goose.text import StopWordsChinese
url = 'http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2014/11-19/6791729.shtml'
g = Goose({'stipwords_class':StopWordsChinese})
article = g.extract(url = url)
print article.cleaned_text[:150]

基于行块分布函数的通用网页正文抽取

http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=TOBoIHWT_k68h5z8k_Pmqr-wJMPfCy2q64yzS8hxsgTg4lMNH84YVfOCWUfvfORTlccMWe5Bd1BNVf9dqIgh75t4VQ728fY2Rte3x3CQhaS

网页正文及内容图片提取算法

http://www.jianshu.com/p/d43422081e4b

这一算法的主要原理基于两点：

正文区密度：在去除HTML中所有tag之后，正文区字符密度更高，较少出现多行空白；
行块长度：非正文区域的内容一般单独标签（行块）中较短。

测试源码：

https://github.com/rainyear/cix-extractor-py/blob/master/extractor.py#L9

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests as req
import re
 
DBUG   = 0
 
reBODY = r'<body.*?>([\s\S]*?)<\/body>'
reCOMM = r'<!--.*?-->'
reTRIM = r'<{0}.*?>([\s\S]*?)<\/{0}>'
reTAG  = r'<[\s\S]*?>|[ \t\r\f\v]'
 
reIMG  = re.compile(r'<img[\s\S]*?src=[\'|"]([\s\S]*?)[\'|"][\s\S]*?>')
 
class Extractor():
    def __init__(self, url = "", blockSize=3, timeout=5, image=False):
        self.url       = url
        self.blockSize = blockSize
        self.timeout   = timeout
        self.saveImage = image
        self.rawPage   = ""
        self.ctexts    = []
        self.cblocks   = []
 
    def getRawPage(self):
        try:
            resp = req.get(self.url, timeout=self.timeout)
        except Exception as e:
            raise e
        if DBUG: print(resp.encoding)
        resp.encoding = "UTF-8"
        return resp.status_code, resp.text
 
#去除所有tag，包括样式、Js脚本内容等，但保留原有的换行符\n：
    def processTags(self):
        self.body = re.sub(reCOMM, "", self.body)
        self.body = re.sub(reTRIM.format("script"), "" ,re.sub(reTRIM.format("style"), "", self.body))
        # self.body = re.sub(r"[\n]+","\n", re.sub(reTAG, "", self.body))
        self.body = re.sub(reTAG, "", self.body)
 
#将网页内容按行分割，定义行块 blocki 为第 [i,i+blockSize] 行文本之和并给出行块长度基于行号的分布函数：
    def processBlocks(self):
        self.ctexts   = self.body.split("\n")
        self.textLens = [len(text) for text in self.ctexts]
        self.cblocks  = [0]*(len(self.ctexts) - self.blockSize - 1)
        lines = len(self.ctexts)
        for i in range(self.blockSize):
            self.cblocks = list(map(lambda x,y: x+y, self.textLens[i : lines-1-self.blockSize+i], self.cblocks))
        maxTextLen = max(self.cblocks)
        if DBUG: print(maxTextLen)
        self.start = self.end = self.cblocks.index(maxTextLen)
        while self.start > 0 and self.cblocks[self.start] > min(self.textLens):
            self.start -= 1
        while self.end < lines - self.blockSize and self.cblocks[self.end] > min(self.textLens):
            self.end += 1
        return "".join(self.ctexts[self.start:self.end])
 
#如果需要提取正文区域出现的图片，只需要在第一步去除tag时保留<img>标签的内容：
    def processImages(self):
        self.body = reIMG.sub(r'{{\1}}', self.body)
 
#正文出现在最长的行块，截取两边至行块长度为 0 的范围：
    def getContext(self):
        code, self.rawPage = self.getRawPage()
        self.body = re.findall(reBODY, self.rawPage)[0]
        if DBUG: print(code, self.rawPage)
        if self.saveImage:
            self.processImages()
        self.processTags()
        return self.processBlocks()
        # print(len(self.body.strip("\n")))
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    ext = Extractor(url="http://blog.rainy.im/2015/09/02/web-content-and-main-image-extractor/",blockSize=5, image=False)
    print(ext.getContext())

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